Non–Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Paper

Non–Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Paper

Non–Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep Arousal Disorders are basically physiological, motor and behavioral events which accompany sleep. These disorders are common in the general population and have been evidenced to occur more among children as compared to adults (Castelnovo et al., 2018). This is in exception of REM disorder which occurs more frequently among men aged 50 years and older. Presently, NREM sleep arousal disorders are no longer considered to be a sign of clinical psychopathology rather, clinical phenomena which happens when the brain transitions between the REM and non-REM sleep cycle and wakefulness. Non–Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Paper

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            A diagnosis warrants a positive history of either sleep-walking or sleep terrors of short episodes which last approximately 10 minutes. It should be understood that these activities are performed when the brain is partly in the non-REM sleep and partly awake to execute complex events without conscious thought (Lopez et al., 2018). More often, these activities may be reported by a caregiver or close family relative. Most episodes usually start with a panic scream and engagement in either sleep eating disorders or sexsomnia. Although most clients do not always fully awaken but return to sleep afterwards, the next morning, can rarely recall any episode (Castelnovo et al., 2018). A more accurate diagnosis can be obtained with the use of a polysomnograph which monitors the activity o he lung, brain and heart and can easily rule out any other related disorders such as sleep apnea.

When compared to REM disorders, patients may reportedly experience dreams which are action filled and may be violent. It is may be expressed through sleep paralysis, vocalization or nightmares where a patient reportedly becomes alert upon waking, which is contrary to NREM disorders(Lopez et al., 2018). Besides, upon waking up, one can clearly remember the exact details of a dream.

References

Castelnovo, A., Lopez, R., Proserpio, P., Nobili, L., & Dauvilliers, Y. (2018). NREM sleep parasomnias as disorders of sleep-state dissociation. Nature Reviews Neurology, 1.

Lopez, R., Shen, Y., Chenini, S., Rassu, A. L., Evangelista, E., Barateau, L., & Dauvilliers, Y. (2018). Diagnostic criteria for disorders of arousal: A video‐polysomnographic assessment. Annals of neurology, 83(2), 341-351. Non–Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Paper