Pathophysiology-Asthma essay paper

Author: NursingWriter

January 21st, 2023

Asthma

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airway common in childhood characterized by difficulties in breathing and wheezing. Inflammation of the airway, airflow obstruction, and bronchiole hyper-responsiveness causes respiratory distress in acute exacerbation of asthma (Zahran, et al, 2018). Airway inflammation is a result of activated inflammatory cells and their mediators after exposure to allergens. These cause airway edema, bronchoconstriction, and mucus secretion thus contributing to airway obstruction and intermittent flow of the air. Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors contribute to asthma, especially in childhood. Pathophysiology-Asthma essay paper

Genetic Susceptibility That Can Lead To Childhood Asthma

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Gene variations in encoding play a role in natural immune response pathways that contributes to the activation and differentiation of cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. The genome-wide association studies state that encoding of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin, epithelial cells derived cytokines, and interleukin-33 causes the activation of the T-helper cells in asthma (Johansson, et al, 2019). Association of gene variation 17q21 often replicated in childhood, is specific to the non-allergic and non-immune pathway of asthma. Gene 17q21 causes the activation of the IgE mediated pathway that causes inflammation and obstruction of the airway. Gene 17q21 and environmental exposure causes recurrent wheezing. The expression of ORMDL3 at the gene17q21 is associated with bronchial reactivity and asthma. Pathophysiology-Asthma essay paper

Environmental Factors That Can Lead To Childhood Asthma

Exacerbation of asthma depends on the interaction of the allergen exposure and presence of nonspecific adjuvants in genetically susceptible individuals (Johansson, et al, 2019). Environmental factors can be indoor or outdoor. Early exposure to allergens in childhood leads to the development of asthma. Common environmental factors causing asthma are pollution, cats, dogs, mold, and endotoxin. Exposure to these allergens triggers the production of immunoglobulin E-dependent mediators causing airway edema and obstruction. Pathophysiology-Asthma essay paper

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