Psychotherapy Modalities-Cognitive Based Therapy essay
Psychotherapy Modalities-Cognitive Based Therapy essay
Cognitive Based Therapy
6 page paper. Fact sheet with certain criteria outlined in the rubric about person-centered therapy The book we are using is a third edition by Kathleen Wheeler
Cognitive-based therapy CBT is a treatment approach for various psychiatric diseases. Its treatment modality incorporates behavioral and cognitive strategies for activity scheduling activation. CBT discovery was by Lewinsohn among others in the 1960s and 1970s through experimentally established procedures that directly dealt with maladaptive behavior and indirect approach with the causative factors (Knight, C., & Wheeler, K. (Eds.). 2020). CBT is appropriate in treating depressive mood disorders, bipolar, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, and substance use disorders. It is also efficient in treating non-psychiatric ailments such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue, and insomnia. During its discovery, its effectiveness was in patients with characteristic cognitive and behavioral distortions. This makes it the most extensively researched psychotherapy with evidence-based treatment protocols. Psychotherapy Modalities-Cognitive Based Therapy essay
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The components in CBT are; thought (cognition), feelings (emotions), behaviors, and physiology. This component enables the psychotherapist to understand the patient’s problem and deal with them based on the environmental triggers, social settings, motivations, and relationships (Ghasemi, et al, 2019). The patient’s thoughts are driven by their core beliefs, dysfunctional assumptions, and negative automatic thought about themselves, others, and the world. Cognitive-based therapy CBT has fundamental assumptions that affect cognitive activity and behavior prone for monitoring and change. Cognitive changes can lead to desired behavioral changes. The major assumptions about cognitive behavioral therapy are that emotions and behaviors develop through cognitive processes. These procedures are based on human learning laboratory are effective in influencing cognitive processes, and the therapist serves as a diagnostician educator to uncover the maladaptive cognitive dysfunction. Behaviors both abnormal and normal are acquired and maintained same ways as learning.
Behavioral disorders represent learned maladaptive patterns that do not need to have interfered with causes. There is an assumption that it is not important to discover the exact situation in that behavior was learned (Hayes, et al, 2019). Behavioral therapy concentrates on the current problems rather than uncovering the root cause. In addition, the therapist is interested in helping the clients identify and change the current stimuli that reinforce the undesired behavior. Treatment outcome in CBT is evaluated in terms of measurable changes. In CBT, assessment is an ongoing practice that evaluates the effectiveness of a specific intervention. The theory behind CBT is the social learning theory. The social theory states that behavior is being acquired through direct learning. Therefore, there is a limited range of behavior learned in the laboratory. Mimicking and other social information weaken or strengthen behavior, transmit new patterns of behavior, and initiate new behaviors in others. Psychotherapy Modalities-Cognitive Based Therapy essay
Therapeutic Techniques
Cognitive-based therapy is more of a talk therapy that lasts for less than two hours per session. It is a short-term treatment taking a few weeks to months to see the results. However, these results are achieved through the incorporation of therapeutic techniques that connects the thoughts, behaviors, and emotions (Käll, et al, 2020). These techniques involve identifying specific problems or issues in daily activities that affect the mood and thoughts. It creates awareness of unproductive thought patterns and their negative impact. It helps to identify negative thoughts and learn how to reshape them to change emotions. It helps one learn new behaviors and put them into practice. These techniques are applied depending on the patient’s cognitive and behavioral distortions. They include cognitive restructuring and reframing, guided discovery, exposure therapy, journaling and thought records, activity scheduling, and behavior activation, behavioral experiments, relaxation and stress reduction techniques, role-playing, and successive approximation.
The CBT sessions are goal-oriented whereby a therapist formulates a plan to achieve the desired goal. The goal should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and should be within a specified time frame. The sessions must have open communication and the patient should connect with the therapist. Constructive restructuring therapy involves looking at the negative thought pattern. This creates awareness of the negative thoughts to the patient and they can reframe them to more productive and positive thoughts (Käll, et al, 2020). A guided discovery technique involves the therapist asking questions that challenge a patient to broaden their thinking. This helps a patient to learn things from other perspectives. Exposure therapy is best applied in a patient with generalized anxiety and phobias. The therapist exposes the patient to things that provoke fear, guiding how to cope with them at that moment. This eventually reduces vulnerability and improves confidence in coping abilities. Journaling and thought records involve writing down the thought that occurred during the day. This helps in keeping track of the new thoughts and evaluating how far you have come from the negative thoughts. This technique is helpful in patients with a depressive mood disorder. Activity scheduling and behavioral activation help in establishing good habits and provide an opportunity to practice the new habit. Psychotherapy Modalities-Cognitive Based Therapy essay
Behavioral experiments are used in patients with anxiety disorders. It involves asking a patient to predict the outcome of any activity that causes anxiety. Then the patient discusses the outcome of the prediction if it was true eventually, this reduces anxiety. Relaxation and stress reduction techniques are activities that help a patient under intense pressure or stress. These activities are deep breathing exercises, imagery, and muscle relaxation. Role-playing involves playing out possible scenarios that little fear to improve problem-solving skills, practicing social skills, assertiveness training, improving communication, and gaining confidence in certain issues. Successive approximation involves taking overwhelming tasks and breaking them into smaller and more achievable steps (Käll, et al, 2020). CBT sessions are recommended for dealing with grief, conflict resolution, assertiveness training, improving communication skills, preventing mental illness relapse, and learning to manage powerful emotions like anger. However, these sessions require commitment and willingness to perform new techniques. CBT helps in changing the lifestyle.
Treatment Evaluation
Treatment evaluation gives an insight into why a specific intervention is effective. It also explains how a method works and defines its effects on a certain population. Treatment evaluations are conducted by interviewing and making observations of patients’ behavior during their visits. The focus is on coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring. It also explains the professional factors that led to the implementation of the CBT. Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and stress reported improved symptoms (Cicerone, et al, 2019). In addition, they reported long-term results after attending therapy. More than half of the population did not meet the criteria for anxiety disorder after two years of therapy. CBT also reduces the chances for relapse after treatment initiation. There are reports of improved cognitive function in patients misusing drugs and other substances.
In a study, comparison of cognitive therapy and self-help support groups with irritable bowel syndrome. The total participants were 31 patients on individualized cognitive treatment and self-help support group. After three months of CBT, the patients reported a significant improvement of the symptoms. A randomized controlled trial by Christ et al, 2018), conducted a study among psychotic patients between 18 to 65 years. The study confirmed the effectiveness of the CBT by change of the paranoid thoughts and behavior among the participants. A randomized pilot study by Käll, et al, 2020), aiming at reducing loneliness social anxiety, and worry was conducted. The results show that CBT potentially reduced the symptoms and their underlying effects.
Application
Cognitive-based therapy is the most effective studied therapy around. The techniques help in resolving the behavioral and cognitive distortion. Therapy sessions are conducted in an environment in which the patient feels comfortable to open up (Käll, et al, 2020). The therapist identifies the patient’s problem and its triggers. Initially, they provide behavioral strategies such as emotional response, avoidance patterns, and negative life events triggers. For example, a patient with a depressive mood presents with social withdrawal, loss of interest /pleasure, and change in feeding habits. The therapist initiates activities that will trigger a change of behavior such as attending social events and recording the thought and feelings of the event. The therapist then works on the cognitive strategies that help the patient change the mood and cognitive functions (Rahmayani, et al, 2020). This involves evaluating negative automatic thoughts and mood changes. The therapist applies role-playing to recreate precious events and pay attention to the change of emotions throughout the interactions. This process eventually stops the negative thoughts, emotions, and attitudes. The patient gradually adopts a new behavior and cognitive function. However, changing maladaptive schemas are incorporated to maintain the new behavior and avoid relapse of distorted behavioral and cognitive function. The techniques applied are activity scheduling and cognitive restructuring. Psychotherapy Modalities-Cognitive Based Therapy essay
Other aspects that need change when applying therapy techniques are creating SMART goals. They are important for the specific session, maintaining a healthy relationship with the therapists to ensure there is feedback, and completing homework in between sessions.it is necessary to monitor the patient after the end of the therapy sessions to review the CBT strategies and maybe provide a booster session (Knight, C., & Wheeler, K. (Eds.) 2020). Patient education is necessary in this case to ensure effectiveness, discuss the number of sessions, basic strategies of treatment, and other alternatives for CBT.
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Conclusion
Cognitive-based therapy CBT is a treatment approach for various psychiatric diseases. Through experimentally established procedures that directly dealt with maladaptive behavior and indirect approach with the causative factors, CBT is appropriate in treating depressive mood disorders, bipolar, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, and substance use disorders. The key components in CBT are; thought feelings, behaviors, and physiology. Cognitive-based therapy CBT has fundamental assumptions that affect cognitive activity and behavior for monitoring and change. Cognitive changes can lead to desired behavioral changes. The social theory states that behavior is acquired through direct learning. Therefore, there is a limited range of behavior learned in the laboratory. CBT techniques are cognitive restructuring and reframing, guided discovery, exposure therapy, journaling and thought records, activity scheduling, and behavior activation, behavioral experiments, relaxation and stress reduction techniques, role-playing, and successive approximation. The CBT sessions are goal-oriented whereby a therapist formulates a plan to achieve the desired goal. The goal should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and should be within a specified time frame. The sessions must have open communication and the patient should connect with the therapist. The application of CBT therapy occurs in phases of behavioral strategies, cognitive strategies, and changing maladaptive schemas. The focus of treatment evaluation is on coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring that explains the professional factors that led to the implementation of the CBT. However, patient education is necessary in this case to ensure effectiveness, discuss the number of sessions, basic strategies of treatment, and other alternatives for CBT.
References
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Ghasemi, N., Goudarzi, M., & GHAZANFARI, F. (2019). The Effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on cognitive emotion regulation, Shame and Guilt-Proneness and mindfulness components in patients with mixed anxiety-depression disorder.
Hayes, S. C., Hofmann, S. G., Stanton, C. E., Carpenter, J. K., Sanford, B. T., Curtiss, J. E., & Ciarrochi, J. (2019). The role of the individual in the coming era of process-based therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 117, 40-53.
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Käll, A., Jägholm, S., Hesser, H., Andersson, F., Mathaldi, A., Norkvist, B. T., … & Andersson, G. (2020). Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for loneliness: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Behavior therapy, 51(1), 54-68.
Knight, C., & Wheeler, K. (Eds.). (2020). Case Study Approach to Psychotherapy for Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses. Springer Publishing Company.Rahmayani, S., Christianti, R. D., & Rachmawati, S. (2020). Psychotherapy Modalities-Cognitive Based Therapy essay
